An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors or
traction motors for its propulsion. An electric vehicle may be powered by
electricity generated from sources external to the vehicle through a collector
system, or may be self-contained with batteries, solar panels, fuel cells, or
electric generators to convert fuel into electricity. Such vehicles include,
but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater
vessels, electric aircraft, and electric spacecraft.
Electric vehicles first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when
electricity was one of the preferred methods for motoring a vehicle; which
provided comfort and ease of operation unattainable by gasoline cars of the
time. The modern internal combustion engine has been the dominant method for
motor vehicles for nearly 100 years, but electric power is commonplace in
other vehicle types, such as trains and all types of small vehicles.
Generally, the term EV is used to refer to an electric car. In the 21st
century, EVs have seen a resurgence due to technological advances, increased
focus on renewable energy and the potential reduction of the impact of
transportation on climate change and other environmental issues. Project
Drawdown describes electric vehicles as one of the 100 best contemporary
solutions to address climate change.
Government incentives to increase EV ownership were first introduced in the
late 2000s in countries including the United States and the European Union,
leading to a booming market for the vehicles in the 2010s. With increasing
public interest and awareness and infrastructural incentives, such as the
green recovery being made after the COVID-19 pandemic, the electric vehicle
market is expected to grow massively. Electric vehicle sales could increase
from 2% of the global share in 2016 to 30% by 2030.
Most of this market growth is expected in markets such as North America,
Europe and China; A 2020 literature review suggested that growth in the use of
electric vehicles, particularly electric personal vehicles, in developing
economies currently appears economically unfeasible.
Transport in India is an important part of the country's economy. Since the
economic liberalization of the 1990s, infrastructure has developed rapidly in
the country, and today various means of transport by land, water and air are
practically available. However, due to India's expected low GDP, these means
of transportation have not become equal for all.
Motor vehicle traffic on the country's roads is very low with only 13 million
cars. Moreover, about 10 percent of Indian households own a motorcycle and at
the same time, the automobile industry is growing rapidly in India with an
annual production of 2.60 lakh vehicles and the volume of vehicles is likely
to increase significantly in the future.
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